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Protracted social conflict is a technical term in a theory developed by Edward Azar. It generally refers to conflicts described by other researchers as ''protracted'' or ''intractable'', i.e. as complex, severe, commonly enduring, and often violent. When a group's identity is threatened or frustrated, intractable conflict is almost inevitable.〔Fisher 2001: 307. (Fisher, Ronald J. (2001) Cyprus: The Failure of Mediation and the Escalation of an Identity-Based Conflict to an Adversarial Impasse. ''Journal of Peace Research'' 38(3), 307–26.)〕 ''Protracted social conflict'' as Edward Azar termed it, denotes hostile interactions between communal groups that are based in deep-seated racial, ethnic, religious and cultural hatreds, and that persist over long periods of time with sporadic outbreaks of violence.〔Fisher 2001: 308.〕 ==Definition of protracted social conflict== Protracted social conflict is a theory developed by Edward Azar. The term refers to conflict situations characterized by the prolonged and often violent struggle by communal groups for such basic needs as security, recognition, acceptance, fair access to political institutions, and economic participation.〔Ramsbotham, Oliver. Contemporary Conflict Resolution, 2008: 84.〕 The communal groups may experience deep-seated cleavages based upon racial, religious, cultural or ethnic lines. These cleavages are characterized by continuing hostility with sporadic outbreaks of violence; and caused by the frustration of human needs for security, recognition, and distributive justice. Such identity-driven rifts are the result of an underlying fear of extinction that often grows within vulnerable ethnic groups who live with the memories or fear of persecution and massacre.〔Haddad 2002: 317〕 Ethnic divisions and perceived threats often result in the domination of the state machinery by a single group or coalition of elites who deny access to basic human needs for the majority of the population.〔Ramsbotham, Oliver. Contemporary Conflict Resolution, 2008: 86–87.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Protracted social conflict」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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